26 March 2013

Berlioz and the Beast

The number one inspiration of my Symphonie apocalyptique (still far from finished) should be obvious by the title—it is in fact Hector Berlioz’s magnum opus.

Symphonie fantastique was the first major modern example of a program symphony. Though several of Beethoven’s symphonies were epic works with a single unifying theme, Berlioz introduced in the early Romantic era an epic work with a unifying narrative. In this case, it was a lovelorn artist who overdoses on heroin and has a dream that ends up a nightmare; it was semi-autobiographical, as the French composer had his own obsession with the Irish Shakespearean actress Harriet Smithson. (They eventually married, but there was no happy ending to this story.)


It was a soundtrack to a film, only without the film. What I’m writing is a soundtrack to an epic movie that may never be made, but it’s based on my own madness. In my case, however, it’s not just unrequited love, but visions of a bleak future for the world, of heaven and hell, of the Nietzschean Übermensch (which of course inspired Richard Strauss in his most famous work) ruling over a future dystopia. Like the Berlioz work, it also features the Dies Irae melody as one of the many leitmotifs. I’m using music I’ve written as far back as my preteen years.

(I’ve said already it was John Williams’ score to Star Wars and Bill Conti’s to Rocky that made me want to write film scores, eventually. But it was also Beethoven, Berlioz, Wagner, Strauss, Stravinsky, Holst and such that also inspired me.)

I’m using every compositional technique I know of: Baroque counterpoint including the canon and fugue, atonality, serialism and twelve-tone, minimalism, New Complexity, microtonality, Arabic and Turkish maqams and usuls, polyrhythms, blues, jazz, rock (especially progressive).

10 March 2013

A fictional future football code

Note: rules and other things subject to change. This sport has yet to be tested in the real world.

The world's most popular sport in DIES IRÆ is tentatively called "New Football". Invented in the mid-21st century, it is a code of football influenced by the various codes existing today: association (soccer), rugby union and league, gridiron (American-Canadian), Gaelic and Australian rules. It is especially fast-paced and physical, with relatively simple rules but fairly complicated and high scoring.

The field of play is oval-shaped, 100 meters long and 60 meters wide, with Gaelic-style composite goals 80 meters apart, leaving ten meter end zones behind the nets. (Image of pitch layout to be added later.) The goals consist of both a net and uprights, with the goals six meters wide and the crossbar two meters high. The ball is smaller than an association football so it can be more easily handled and thrown. A handball could be used, with a diameter of up to 60 cm and a weight of up to 450 g.


There are nine players on each side. A typical formation consists of three forwards, three midfielders, two defenders and one goalkeeper, but formations can vary greatly.

Unlike association football, the ball can be carried, advanced and passed to teammates by hand. The ball carrier can be tackled by being wrestled to the ground, as in rugby and gridiron football. If a ball carrier is tackled fairly, a contest for possession called a "ruck" is held; the ball is placed on the ground at the spot of the tackle and the ball carrier and tackler scramble for the ball.

There is no offside rule in New Football. Blocking by bumping is allowed, but flagrantly rough play such as spearing is illegal. Personal fouls can be assessed a warning (yellow card) and a 5 minute suspension (like the penalty box in ice hockey); three yellow cards or a serious infraction results in a red card and game disqualification.

Scoring, derived from gridiron, is as follows:
  • touchback (ball misses goal but is downed by opponent in end zone or travels out of bounds in end zone): 1 point
  • field goal (ball is kicked between opponent’s uprights): 3 points
  • touchdown (ball is carried into opponent’s end zone): 6 points plus conversion try
  • goal (ball is kicked into opponent’s goal net): 10 points plus conversion try
Conversions:
  • ball kicked over crossbar and between uprights as in a field goal: 1 point
  • ball carried into end zone as in a touchdown: 2 points
  • ball kicked into goal net as in a goal: 3 points
There are two defensive scores, which also result in a change of possession (a punt is allowed by the team giving up the score):
  • safety (ball is downed, passed or fumbled out of bounds in team’s own end zone or over crossbar): 2 points
  • own goal (ball is kicked, passed or fumbled into team’s own goal net): 4 points
Professional-level games consist of four quarters of 15 minutes each with a break and a change in sides after each; in case of a draw at the end of regulation, one or more 5-minute overtime periods may be played, or a "shootout" of conversion tries, with each team having five tries, can break a tie. Each team gets two or three timeouts and substitutions per half and one of each in each overtime period.

08 March 2013

Duniya Lengua, a global lingua franca

The Duniya Lengua project is actually something I started in 1997, but abandoned, restarted and re-abandoned a number of times. It is an international auxiliary language, like Esperanto and the rest, but intended for a fictional setting.

In the story of DIES IRÆ, Duniya Lengua (DL) emerged part-planned, part-spontaneously as a global trade language similar to a pidgin or creole. It is based primarily on the six most spoken languages in the world in total speakers, but does use vocabulary data from other language that are either closely related or highly influenced by the "Big Six" languages. The language groups, with the most spoken language in each mentioned first (the list is not exhaustive), are as followed, in genetic and geographical order:
  • English and German (Germanic)
  • Spanish, Portuguese, French and Italian (Romance)
  • Russian (Slavic)
  • Hindi-Urdu and Bengali (Indic); Persian (Iranian)
    Sanskrit-Pali loans in Tamil, Thai and Malay-Indonesian
  • Arabic (Semitic)
    Arabic and Persian loans in Turkish and Malay-Indonesian
  • Mandarin and Cantonese (Chinese)
    common Chinese loans in Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese

The grammar is isolating with some agglutination due to the small number of bound morphemes (i.e. suffixes, such as the -(e)s plural and -(a)l past tense markers), since it is based on the two most spoken languages of all: Mandarin Chinese and English. Word order is usually subject-verb-object (SVO) with adjectives preceding nouns; prepositions are also used rather than postpositions.

The vocabulary list I have so far can be read here (subject to change as work is completed). The list is comprised of the 850 primary words of Ogden’s Basic English plus the numbers and a few other words, but more are to be added. Since the grammar is based in large part on Chinese, a vocabulary based on the most common Chinese characters should be made.