25 December 2013

The languages of P in groups

The full list of thirty languages used in the Language P database, classified by geographical and cultural region, then by language family. The “Big Six” languages are underlined.

East Asia: Confucianist, Taoist, Buddhist (Mahayana)

  • Sino-Tibetan > Chinese: Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese
  • Non-Chinese, influenced by Chinese: Japanese, Korean (both isolate or Altaic), Vietnamese (Austroasiatic)

South Asia: Hindu, Buddhist (Theravada), Jain, Sikh, Islamic

  • Indo-European > Indo-Aryan (from Sanskrit): Hindi-Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi
  • Dravidian: Telugu, Tamil, Kannada
  • Sino-Tibetan > Tibeto-Burmese: Burmese
  • Tai-Kadai > Tai: Thai
  • Austronesian > Malayo-Polynesian: Malay-Indonesian, Javanese, Tagalog (Filipino)

West Asia–North Africa: Islamic (Sunni, Shi’a, Ibadi), Christian, Jewish

  • Afro-Asiatic > Semitic: Arabic
  • Altaic > Turkic: Turkish
  • Indo-European > Iranian: Persian (Farsi)

Europe: Christian (Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant), Jewish

  • Indo-European > Slavic: Russian, Polish
  • Indo-European > Germanic: English, German
  • Indo-European > Romance (from Latin): Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian

24 December 2013

Names de dienes i meses

Numbers (ordinal) are normally used for names of days and months, but more traditional names can optionally be used. They should not be capitalized except when beginning sentences and titles.
  • dien: day
  • ondien (domindien, soldien): Sunday
  • duadien (lunadien): Monday
  • tridien (mardien): Tuesday
  • chardien (merkurdien): Wednesday
  • panchedien (yowedien): Thursday
  • seisdien (zhuma, venerdien): Friday
  • sebadien (sabat, saturnidien): Saturday
  • mes: month
  • onmes (yanuar): January
  • duames (febrar): February
  • trimes (marso): March
  • charmes (april): April
  • panchemes (mai): May
  • seismes (yuni): June
  • sebames (yuli): July
  • ochomes (augusto): August
  • nowemes (september): September
  • desmes (oktober): October
  • desonmes (nowember): November
  • desduames (december): December

17 December 2013

Instrumentos de orkestra en lengua P / Orchestral Instruments in Language P

  • fluta: flute
  • korto fluta: piccolo (lit. “short flute”)
  • oboe: oboe
  • ingli korno¹: cor anglais
  • klarinet (en si bemol / la / mi bemol): clarinet (in B flat / A / E flat)
  • bas klarinet: bass clarinet
  • fagot: bassoon
  • kontrafagot: contrabassoon
  • saksofon: saxophone
  • korno: (French) horn
  • trompeta: trumpet
  • korneta: cornet
  • (tenor/bas) trombon: (tenor/bass) trombone
  • tuba: tuba
  • timpanos²: timpani (sing. timpano)
  • chiko tambor: snare drum (lit. “small drum”)
  • bara tambor: bass drum (lit. “large drum”)
  • triangol: triangle
  • cimbales²: cymbals (sing. cimbal)
  • piano: piano
  • arpa: harp
  • violin: violin
  • (alto) viola: viola
  • violonchelo: violoncello
  • kontrabas: contrabass, double bass
¹ -i: ending for nationalities, languages etc. (from Hindustani, Bengali, Persian, Arabic; also Latin and Russian genitive case): ingli “English”, fransi “French” etc.
² -(e)s: plural ending (from English, Spanish, Portuguese, French)

11 December 2013

More on the Dies Irae project: utopia and dystopia

Some more clues about the future Earth in my sci-fi project. Also, Dies Irae is just a tentative title.

Beginning in the mid-21st century, decades of unparalleled worldwide peace and prosperity create a global near-utopia (imagine the Federation in Star Trek, only with a lot less space travel). The world is a united democratic federal republic with a mixed economy, united by a network of high-speed partial-vacuum tube trains and near-space plains and cybernetically-implanted smart phone/computers. The world capital is Istanbul, chosen because it is built on two continents, but each country has subsidiary power and its own national capital. The IAL currently called “Language P” has emerged as a global trade language used alongside natural languages.

The world’s largest city would have a population of over a billion: a massive urban conglomerate, or “gigapolis”, centered on Delhi. Similar complexes exist in East Asia (Tokyo-Seoul-Beijing), Europe (the “Blue Banana”, etc.), North America (BosWash, Great Lakes, Texas Triangle, SanSan) and South America (São Paulo-Rio de Janeiro). The total world population is in the 10-12 billion range, or as high as 15 billion.

Towards the end of the century, everything falls apart. Crime, corruption and massive inequality of wealth turn the utopia into a Metropolis-like dystopia. The military and law enforcement has little success quelling riots and protecting peace. People start demanding order, even if it means being subjected to a more authoritarian system. This eventually results in the rise of a Novum Imperium Romanum.

A religious cult, based in Dallas, answers the call. It establishes its own political party (far-right agenda, far-left tactics), begins to take over North America first, then the world. Though it spreads by the use of technology, propaganda and brute force, there are rumors of the inner circle attempting to use arcane magic to extend its rule—and create a new, advanced race of Übermenschen.


(There will be a lot of philosophy in this work, including that of Nietzsche, but also Dostoyevsky and Kafka and such.)

10 December 2013

Basic vocabulary of Language P

This list is under construction:  The goal is to establish a limited but sufficient vocabulary, using Chinese-based compounding morphology whenever reasonable (e.g. des-dua “twelve” is literally “ten-two”, from 十二). The target is the 2600+ word wordlist of Simple English Wikipedia.
  • bara big, large
  • bon good, well 
  • char four (4)
  • chiko small, little 
  • des ten (10)
  • dua two (2)
  • el the
  • en in
  • i and
  • insan man (human being)
  • kitab book
  • lengua language, tongue 
  • luna moon
  • man man (adult male) 
  • mes month
  • mulier woman
  • nam name
  • nowe nine (9)
  • on one (1) 
  • ocho eight (8) 
  • panche five (5)
  • seba seven (7)
  • seis six (6) 
  • sol sun
  • tri three (3)

It’s back on.

I think I’m getting some of my mental clarity back. The ideas for the sci-fi/fantasy/horror novel, screenplay, or idea for an action RPG, that I’ve been wanting to write are coming together, at least the beginning of it. The title of the epic, at least for now: Dies Irae. It’s the story that Symphony No. 1 is being based on.

It takes place in the future, beginning in the year 2110. A global federal republic, which once enjoyed peace and prosperity never enjoyed before, had fallen into chaos. Technology once used for the betterment of mankind was once again being used to kill one another. The old order would be succeeded by a world empire to rule with an iron hand.

The survivors of a long-lost civilization of “elves”, which was destroyed in 9600 BC by its own hubris and embrace of dark magic, would emerge from isolated villages in the Caucasus to warn the world not to make the same mistakes. It had been believed that the élites who came to rule the world were dabbling in the same arcane arts, even seeking the power to raise the dead. A mutant race of “orcs” (to use another Tolkienian term) had already been developed as supersoldiers, until they rebelled against their masters, many being imprisoned in Antarctica.

There are seven main protagonists so far (likely more, eventually), with the first to appear being a Marine commando named Joe Cohen, sent on a mission to the “Ultramax” prison in Antarctica to quell a riot. (The piece «Un jour dans l’enfer» is the background music for this scene.)

I also need to develop at least two constructed languages for this story: a language for the “elves” called T’aq (or Tech), and an international auxiliary language or “global pidgin”, currently codenamed “Language P”. Both of these I have been working on for many years, but not continuously.


More on this later, as it all continues to be developed in my brain. So far, I have most of the basic outline of the first volume of the trilogy, the increasing number of heroes’ trek from Antarctica to Australia and China, through India and Russia, to Istanbul, the future world capital.

08 December 2013

Language P, lengua/idioma P, язык П, اللغة پ

I’ve written about this before, but I have been developing an Esperanto-type international auxiliary language (IAL) for a fictional novel (or something). I’ve used all sorts of tentative names, but I’ll settle on “Language P” for now. The letter ‘P’ is short for pidgin, as this language is intended to be a kind of “global pidgin” (or “global jargon”), with a diverse vocabulary and simple, regular and familiar grammar and syntax.

The grammar is to be mostly isolating and non-inflecting, like Chinese and, to a lesser degree, English, with agglutinative features. Word order, by default, is subject-verb-object (SVO), with adjectives, numbers and demonstratives preceding nouns.

Words would be chosen according to which would be recognized by the most people, especially when a word of, say, Latin, Arabic or Sanskrit origin is a loanword in many languages. The diverse sources of vocabulary will be the “Big Twelve” languages, listed below, sorted and weighted by total number of speakers (L1 + L2 speakers in millions, according to Ethnologue 2009):
  1. Chinese (Mandarin) 1026
  2. English 760
  3. Hindi-Urdu 484
  4. Spanish 466
  5. Arabic 354
  6. Russian 272
  7. Bengali 250
  8. Portuguese 217
  9. Malay-Indonesian 163
  10. Japanese 123
  11. French 119
  12. German 112
Though probably unlikely, it may be necessary to use additional languages for some words.

The language is written in a Latin alphabet, modeled after the pinyin romanization used for Mandarin, with at least approximate English equivalents:
  • a far
  • b be
  • c its (never as in cat)
  • ch chair
  • d do
  • e cafe or met
  • f far
  • g go (never as in gym)
  • h hat or German acht
  • i machine
  • k kill
  • l light sound, not dark as in English or Russian
  • m may
  • n no
  • ng sing (end of words or syllables only)
  • o no or hot (British pronunciation)
  • p pay
  • r trilled, as in Spanish
  • s say
  • sh she
  • t tall
  • u rule
  • w way
  • y yes (never a vowel)
  • z zoo or adze
  • zh vision or jump
Coming soon: some basic vocabulary, starting with the 207-word Swadesh list. The word for “language” in LP is lengua. Last edit: 8 December 2013 at 09:03.

Related references:

26 March 2013

Berlioz and the Beast

The number one inspiration of my Symphonie apocalyptique (still far from finished) should be obvious by the title—it is in fact Hector Berlioz’s magnum opus.

Symphonie fantastique was the first major modern example of a program symphony. Though several of Beethoven’s symphonies were epic works with a single unifying theme, Berlioz introduced in the early Romantic era an epic work with a unifying narrative. In this case, it was a lovelorn artist who overdoses on heroin and has a dream that ends up a nightmare; it was semi-autobiographical, as the French composer had his own obsession with the Irish Shakespearean actress Harriet Smithson. (They eventually married, but there was no happy ending to this story.)


It was a soundtrack to a film, only without the film. What I’m writing is a soundtrack to an epic movie that may never be made, but it’s based on my own madness. In my case, however, it’s not just unrequited love, but visions of a bleak future for the world, of heaven and hell, of the Nietzschean Übermensch (which of course inspired Richard Strauss in his most famous work) ruling over a future dystopia. Like the Berlioz work, it also features the Dies Irae melody as one of the many leitmotifs. I’m using music I’ve written as far back as my preteen years.

(I’ve said already it was John Williams’ score to Star Wars and Bill Conti’s to Rocky that made me want to write film scores, eventually. But it was also Beethoven, Berlioz, Wagner, Strauss, Stravinsky, Holst and such that also inspired me.)

I’m using every compositional technique I know of: Baroque counterpoint including the canon and fugue, atonality, serialism and twelve-tone, minimalism, New Complexity, microtonality, Arabic and Turkish maqams and usuls, polyrhythms, blues, jazz, rock (especially progressive).

10 March 2013

A fictional future football code

Note: rules and other things subject to change. This sport has yet to be tested in the real world.

The world's most popular sport in DIES IRÆ is tentatively called "New Football". Invented in the mid-21st century, it is a code of football influenced by the various codes existing today: association (soccer), rugby union and league, gridiron (American-Canadian), Gaelic and Australian rules. It is especially fast-paced and physical, with relatively simple rules but fairly complicated and high scoring.

The field of play is oval-shaped, 100 meters long and 60 meters wide, with Gaelic-style composite goals 80 meters apart, leaving ten meter end zones behind the nets. (Image of pitch layout to be added later.) The goals consist of both a net and uprights, with the goals six meters wide and the crossbar two meters high. The ball is smaller than an association football so it can be more easily handled and thrown. A handball could be used, with a diameter of up to 60 cm and a weight of up to 450 g.


There are nine players on each side. A typical formation consists of three forwards, three midfielders, two defenders and one goalkeeper, but formations can vary greatly.

Unlike association football, the ball can be carried, advanced and passed to teammates by hand. The ball carrier can be tackled by being wrestled to the ground, as in rugby and gridiron football. If a ball carrier is tackled fairly, a contest for possession called a "ruck" is held; the ball is placed on the ground at the spot of the tackle and the ball carrier and tackler scramble for the ball.

There is no offside rule in New Football. Blocking by bumping is allowed, but flagrantly rough play such as spearing is illegal. Personal fouls can be assessed a warning (yellow card) and a 5 minute suspension (like the penalty box in ice hockey); three yellow cards or a serious infraction results in a red card and game disqualification.

Scoring, derived from gridiron, is as follows:
  • touchback (ball misses goal but is downed by opponent in end zone or travels out of bounds in end zone): 1 point
  • field goal (ball is kicked between opponent’s uprights): 3 points
  • touchdown (ball is carried into opponent’s end zone): 6 points plus conversion try
  • goal (ball is kicked into opponent’s goal net): 10 points plus conversion try
Conversions:
  • ball kicked over crossbar and between uprights as in a field goal: 1 point
  • ball carried into end zone as in a touchdown: 2 points
  • ball kicked into goal net as in a goal: 3 points
There are two defensive scores, which also result in a change of possession (a punt is allowed by the team giving up the score):
  • safety (ball is downed, passed or fumbled out of bounds in team’s own end zone or over crossbar): 2 points
  • own goal (ball is kicked, passed or fumbled into team’s own goal net): 4 points
Professional-level games consist of four quarters of 15 minutes each with a break and a change in sides after each; in case of a draw at the end of regulation, one or more 5-minute overtime periods may be played, or a "shootout" of conversion tries, with each team having five tries, can break a tie. Each team gets two or three timeouts and substitutions per half and one of each in each overtime period.

08 March 2013

Duniya Lengua, a global lingua franca

The Duniya Lengua project is actually something I started in 1997, but abandoned, restarted and re-abandoned a number of times. It is an international auxiliary language, like Esperanto and the rest, but intended for a fictional setting.

In the story of DIES IRÆ, Duniya Lengua (DL) emerged part-planned, part-spontaneously as a global trade language similar to a pidgin or creole. It is based primarily on the six most spoken languages in the world in total speakers, but does use vocabulary data from other language that are either closely related or highly influenced by the "Big Six" languages. The language groups, with the most spoken language in each mentioned first (the list is not exhaustive), are as followed, in genetic and geographical order:
  • English and German (Germanic)
  • Spanish, Portuguese, French and Italian (Romance)
  • Russian (Slavic)
  • Hindi-Urdu and Bengali (Indic); Persian (Iranian)
    Sanskrit-Pali loans in Tamil, Thai and Malay-Indonesian
  • Arabic (Semitic)
    Arabic and Persian loans in Turkish and Malay-Indonesian
  • Mandarin and Cantonese (Chinese)
    common Chinese loans in Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese

The grammar is isolating with some agglutination due to the small number of bound morphemes (i.e. suffixes, such as the -(e)s plural and -(a)l past tense markers), since it is based on the two most spoken languages of all: Mandarin Chinese and English. Word order is usually subject-verb-object (SVO) with adjectives preceding nouns; prepositions are also used rather than postpositions.

The vocabulary list I have so far can be read here (subject to change as work is completed). The list is comprised of the 850 primary words of Ogden’s Basic English plus the numbers and a few other words, but more are to be added. Since the grammar is based in large part on Chinese, a vocabulary based on the most common Chinese characters should be made.

26 February 2013

My idea for a sci-fi/fantasy hybrid RPG

It all started after playing far too much Wizardry on the old Apple //e in the early-to-mid-1980s. I had discovered Tolkien years earlier, and I wanted to give the elves, orcs and dwarves in my own role-playing game their own languages. Soon after, I first read Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, and decided to give the project a futuristic dystopian setting.

That is, if I had bothered to ever do anything with it. I put it all aside for a couple decades, until I started writing Symphonie apocalyptique a few years ago. Everything connected to the story of the epic symphony, itself intended to be a soundtrack to such a game or even film if such a thing should ever come to be, came back to life, and when I’m having occasional writer’s block as a composer, I work on the other things.

The game is tentatively titled DIES IRÆ (styled in all capital letters with the ligatured A and E), which is, of course, Latin for “Day of Wrath” and the name of the sequence hymn of the old Requiem Mass. It is set in a not-so-distant Earth, but involves races of “elves” (actually having traits of both elves and djinn) and “orcs”. The former are remnants of a civilization in the Levant that collapsed around 9600 BC due to corruption of magic; they had been hiding in the Caucasus for the millennia since. The latter are mutated humans, the unfortunate victims of a less-than-ethical scientific experiment.

The main points of the plot of the game:

  • During a time of widespread troubles, a Texas-based religious cult with a political party/movement as a front organization seeks to rebuild a Final Reich, a worldwide Novus Imperium Romanum.
  • The remains of an ancient civilization, long lost to the world until its recent discovery, claims to know of a power the group could use to take over the world.
  • A select group of individuals have been chosen on a mission to save the world from tyranny and destruction.

In the time of this game, the world was at peace, united under a global federal government. Previously, a fascist resurgence had failed to plunge the planet into world war, but a series of economic and environmental disasters threaten chaos. Crime, terrorism and unexplained incidents further instill fear among the populace, and some have begun to lose faith in liberal democracy and clamor for the perceived safety of authoritarianism. One of these new movements seeks to build a “New Roman Empire” in the West, and then in the world.

The “orcs” (or “ogres”, “trolls”, “ghouls” and other derogatory names) were created by a project where volunteers (many of them military and prison inmates, and some probably not even “volunteers”) subjected themselves to genetic experimentation as part of a project to create a breed of superhumans. They were given great physical strength as well as fearless and fierce personalities, but were also brainwashed to be obedient to their masters, either as siuper soldiers or, ultimately for the vast majority, slaves. Eventually, the orcs revolted and escaped, struggling to survive with humanity hostile to them. A series of conflicts between orc gangs and (normal) humans, known as the “Orc Wars”, then resulted, with the humans eventually prevailing. Many orcs were slaughtered; the survivors were relocated to prisons, especially the infamous camp built in Antarctica, originally built jointly by the USA and Russia as a “ultramax” facility for the world’s worst criminals.

The “elves” (also known as “djinn” and other names), who call themselves the T’aq (a native name meaning "hidden, secret") have a far more mysterious origin. All that is known about them is they claim to be the remnant of a lost civilization long predating human history. Some time during the thawing of the last Ice Age when humanity in the Fertile Crescent had begun to transform from hunter-gatherer  nomads to agricultural settlers, a tribe rose to prominence among the others. They built a walled city, said to be in modern-day Lebanon, and developed a technology rivaling that of the early Industrial Age. However, around 9600 BC, their leader, a wizard who had become very powerful from evil magic, proclaimed himself king and absolute ruler, then betrayed his people to hostile neighbors. Most of them were slaughtered; the survivors withdrew to mountains, forests and deserts. The largest number today, an unknown thousands, inhabit scattered hidden villages in the mountains of modern-day Georgia, Azerbaijan and the Russian North Caucasus. They too had mutated, gaining their elf-like appearance by the corruption of magic, becoming exceptionally intelligent and agile as well as long-lived, but at a cost of physical strength.

There are also at least two constructed languages (conlangs) in the game, neither of which have been developed very much beyond fundamental theoretical stages.

T’qi (written طقي in extended Arabic script) is the languages spoken by the elves; it has an extremely complex inflected grammar and a huge inventory of consonants and vowels. Though meant to be an isolate, that is, of no known relation to any other language, it is inspired by classical Arabic, Sanskrit and Tibetan as well as other Caucasian languages, particularly Georgian and the now-extinct Ubykh, as well as Navajo and other Native American languages. Another influence is itself a conlang: the philosophical language Ithkuil.

The T’aq also use a sexagesimal (base 60) number system as the ancient Sumerians and Babylonians did, as well as a musical scale that divides the octave into 72 equal steps (a tuning I also use for my own music).

The other language is a global lingua franca, pidgin or creole—an Esperanto-type international language called Duniya Lengua “world language”. It has been used mostly for trade and informal communication, not meant to replace natural human languages, but the orcs have adopted it as their own language. It is based primarily on six of the most spoken languages in the world as of the early 21st century: Mandarin Chinese, English, Spanish, Hindi-Urdu, Russian and Arabic. Other major languages such as Portuguese, French, Bengali, Japanese and Malay-Indonesian are also used for vocabulary data. Its grammar, like Chinese, is mostly isolating with few bound morphemes, basically grammatical suffixes that make nouns plural and verbs past or perfect tense and some other things.

Another product of biological experimentation are the “lycanthropes” or “weres” (i.e. werewolves, werebears, weretigers etc.), are captured wild animals with artificial intelligence implants, which too have escaped and are reportedly attacking humans. Also, certain people seeking empire are allegedly practicing the same dark arts that destroyed the T’aq long ago, even those that supposedly can turn the dead into undead.

Though intended to be a first person shooter/RPG hybrid, much like the Deus Ex series, it is to reward stealth and non-violent solutions more than hacking and slashing and blowing stuff up. Also, though magic exists in the game, it is inherently evil and should be used sparingly if at all. A lot of philosophy will be involved, something recognizable to fans of the Final Fantasy series (and for that matter, both Star Trek and Star Wars).

More on this later. I really want to make this thing original, as well as the soundtrack. Right now, I'm playing far too much Skyrim.

25 February 2013

Return of the Hack

This blog has now been officially raised from the dead. Stay tuned.